◆ 加强枪支销售过程中的背景调查
◆ 要求联邦机构和州政府制定计划，上传并认证必要的犯罪记录和精神健康问题记录，防止枪支落入不适合持枪的购买者手中
◆ 联邦政府无法强制要求州政府遵守，因此制定了一些激励措施
面对近期频繁发生的大规模枪击案，美国两党参议员推出一项新法案，将加强枪支销售过程中的背景调查。
该法案由德州参议员、共和党人John Cornyn和康涅狄格州参议员、民主党人Chris Murphy共同提出，意在更好的执行现有的枪支法律，同时加强“全美实时犯罪背景调查(National Instant Criminal Background Check)”系统，确保所有的背景调查信息被及时上报。
根据这项法案，有关部门将采取数项措施确保所有的记录都被上传，包括要求联邦机构和州政府制定计划，上传并认证必要的犯罪记录和精神健康问题记录，防止枪支落入不适合持枪的购买者手中。
不过，由于联邦政府无法强制要求州政府遵守上传规定，因此法案制定了一些激励措施，推动州政府遵守；并且法案还规定，如果有关机构未能遵守，政务官员的奖金将会被扣。此外，法案还拨出部分联邦资金，用于确保家暴犯罪记录也被加入到背景调查系统中。
最近一段时间以来，美国连续发生了数宗大规模枪击案，引发了社会震动。一个月前，拉斯维加斯发生了美国史上最严重的大规模枪击案，枪手史蒂芬-帕多克在赌场曼德勒海湾度假酒店的32层房间里向参加91号公路丰收节的人群开枪射击，造成共58人死亡，546人受伤。警方在他房间发现了至少17支枪支，包括改装过的全自动AR-15突击步枪，以及大量弹药。
本月5日，得州萨瑟兰斯普林斯市发生了该州史上最严重的枪击案，一名枪手在当地第一浸信会教堂内射击，至少造成26人死亡，20人受伤。
警方调查发现，凶手凯利(Devin Patrick Kelley)曾在2012年从一所精神病院逃脱。同年，他被美国空军一个军事法庭裁定实施家暴，被判12个月监禁。另外，他还曾偷偷带枪进入军事基地、威胁上级长官等。然而，美国空军并没有按规定把对凯利的定罪裁决录入联邦数据系统，导致凯利2016年4月顺利通过背景调查，买到了枪案中使用的AR-556步枪。
Cornyn周四在推出这项法案时表示，多年来，联邦各机构和州政府都未遵守法律、未能上传这些重要的记录。一个未能正确上报的记录就有可能导致悲剧的发生，就像上周发生在得州萨瑟兰斯普林斯市的悲剧一样。这个法案的目的就是要帮助修补这个已经成为了全国性、系统性的问题，从而确保那些罪犯、家暴者无法获得枪支。
这项法案是对现有法律的进一步补充，得到了国会高级共和党参议员的支持，并且枪支游说机构也没有公开予以反对，是近年来最有可能通过国会审议的枪支法案。
Murphy也表示，这项法案将加强背景调查系统、救人一命，“我们的法案将成为重要的里程碑，表明在枪支问题上两党也可以达成真正的折衷方案。”
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来源：2017-11-17 界面新闻 瞭望
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